Fluoroscopically Guided Lumbar Puncture low reimbursement and that scheduling a procedure room with fluoroscopic guidance and a dedicated radiology technician comes at considerable cost over the bedside proce-dure. Fluoroscopic image guidance can add several levels of complexity to the procedure of LP, requiring proper placement of the or- occurring following lumbar discectomy and/or laminectomy and evaluate the efficacy of fluoroscopic or CT guided injection as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 44 patients with complaints suggestive of sacroiliac joint pain post lumbar surgery from a total of 461 patients image-guided surgery—the surgical site is not directly visualized but rather surgery is guided by fluoroscopy. Percutaneous refers to the insertion of a cannula, tube or endoscope through the skin. An endoscope is a highly •Percutaneous lumbar discectomy There is a steep learning curve with traditional percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). The aim of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of PELD assisted by O-arm-based navigation for treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH). With conventional 2D fluoroscopy-guided Fluoroscopically guided transforaminal epidural dry needling for lumbar spinal stenosis using a specially designed needle. Fluoroscopic guided injections are an effective way for individuals with back pain to find relief. Three of the most popular types of fluoroscopic guided injections are the epidural steroid injection, sacroiliac joint injection, and lumbar radiofrequency ablations. While all of these injections target back pain, they are slightly different. Fluoroscopically guided lumbar puncture (LP) is performed in the department of radiology, often by members of the division of diagnostic neuroradiology. Although there are many articles that discuss the technique of LP, few discuss the procedure from the radiologist's perspective. Patient Dose in Fluoroscopically Guided