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We utilize various techniques to characterize the residual phase modulation of a waveguide-based Mach-Zehnder electro-optical intensity modulator. Mach-Zehnder Interferometer. Extinction Ratio and Chirp in Amplitude Modulator. Introduction electric field is called the electro-optic effect or the Pockel effect. The Fig shows a channel waveguide made on a Lithium Niobate substrate. Electro-Optic Modulator See Lesson 14: Mach-Zehnder Interferometer switch. Profiles and Waveguides define optical waveguide geometry, and these Electro-optic and electro-absorption modulators can be operated at speeds of up to 40 . PM can be converted into AM using a Mach–Zehnder configuration. PDF | Optical intensity distribution is simulated in electrooptic lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulator using FFT based beam propagation method. A Mach-Zehnder modulator is used for controlling the amplitude of an optical wave. The input waveguide is split up into two waveguide interferometer arms.Key-Words: -GaN, Mach Zehnder interferometer, electro-optic, modulator. 1 Introduction optical waveguide based devices such as directional coupler and We report the numerical analysis and the fabrication of a reversed-ridge PLZT film waveguide. It is single-mode, has low transmission loss, and has large t. The Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) consists of an optical splitter feeding into the pair of electro-optic waveguide phase modulators shown in cross-section in